Grade 10 College Vocabulary, Week 7

Definition: To inform or tell someone.

From the reading: "Of all this the people are well apprised, and understand how far to carry their obstinacy, where their liberty or property is concerned." (Gulliver's Travels, Parts I-II)

Synonyms:

inform, notify, advise

Antonyms:

depreciate

Root:French appris, fem. apprise, past participle apprendre to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Existing at or from the beginning of time; primeval.

From the reading: "There was an old belief that in the embers Of all things their primordial form exists, And cunning alchemists Could re-create the rose with all its members From its own ashes, but without the bloom, Without the lost perfume." (Poems of Longfellow)

Synonyms:

primeval, original, ancient

Antonyms:

modern

Root:Latin primordium, beginning.

Definition: A state of inactivity (in business or art etc); inactivity of liquids; being stagnant; standing still; without current or circulation.

From the reading: "The Eucharistic Congress had doubtless sucked out of their local stagnation many such creatures, blind and helpless, like moles disinterred." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

stagnancy, doldrums

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Cf. French stagnation. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations; state of violent mental agitation.

From the reading: "Freckles' heart sank within him, but Jack was in a delirium and past all caution." (Freckles)

Synonyms:

craze, frenzy, fury

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin, from delirare to rave, to wander in mind, prop., to go out of the furrow in plowing; de- + lira furrow, track; perh. akin to German geleise track, rut, and English last to endure. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A slight suggestion or vague understanding.

From the reading: "If I work for good desert, and slave, and lie awake at night, and spend my unborn life in dreams, not a blink, nor wink, nor inkling of my labour ever tells." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

intimation, glimmering, glimmer

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Middle English inkle, to hint or whisper (origin uncertain, perhaps Old English inca, suspicion): a faint hint.

Definition: A feeling of profound love and admiration; the act of admiring strongly.

From the reading: "In The Rat's eyes there was a kind of desperate adoration." (The Lost Prince)

Synonyms:

worship, idolization, idolisation

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin adoratio, from adorare: compare French adoration. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms.

From the reading: "The English asked fifteen days’ armistice to consider the proposal in." (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc)

Synonyms:

cease-fire, truce

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French armistice, from (an assumed word) Latin armistitium; arma arms + stare, statum (combining form, -stitum), to stand still. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon.

From the reading: "The upshot was, that we found a worthy young merchant or shipping-broker, not long established in business, who wanted intelligent help, and who wanted capital, and who in due course of time and receipt would want a partner." (Great Expectations)

Synonyms:

consequence, effect, outcome

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Up + shot, equivalent to scot share, reckoning. Cf. the phrase to cast up an account. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: The act of taking something from someone unlawfully.

From the reading: "They both had weak eyes, which I had long attributed to their chronically looking in at keyholes, and they were always at hand when not wanted; indeed that was their only reliable quality besides larceny." (Great Expectations)

Synonyms:

theft, thievery, thieving

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French larcin, Old English larrecin, Latin latrocinium, from latro robber, mercenary, hired servant; compare Greek (Latrociny. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: The state or quality of being lighthearted or cheerful; merrymaking.

From the reading: "She endeavoured to secure Jane in her interest, but Jane, with all possible mildness, declined interfering; and Elizabeth, sometimes with real earnestness, and sometimes with playful gaiety, replied to her attacks." (Pride and Prejudice)

Synonyms:

merriment, playfulness

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French gaieté, from gai, merry: the state of being merry.

Definition: The death or suffering of a martyr; a willing death for the sake of faith in Christ.

From the reading: "CXXV Their martyrdom, his men's, Marsile has seen, So he bids sound his horns and his buccines; Then canters forth with all his great army." (The Song of Roland)

Synonyms:

sacrifice, witness, suffering for the faith

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Martyr + -dom. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A song or hymn of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person.

From the reading: "And all the nine Muses one to the other replying with sweet voices began the dirge; there thou wouldest not have seen an Argive but wept, so mightily rose up the clear chant." (The Odyssey)

Synonyms:

coronach, lament, requiem

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin dirige, "direct," the first word of an antiphon in the Office of the Dead (Psalm 5:8 in the Vulgate): a funeral song.

Definition: The feeling of being bored by something tedious; dullness owing to length or slowness.

From the reading: "All others are outside myself; I lock my door and bar them out, The turmoil, tedium, gad-about." (In the Bleak Mid-Winter)

Synonyms:

boredom, ennui, tediousness

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin taedium, from taedet it disgusts, it wearies one. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: The action of forcing someone to do something; an irresistible urge.

From the reading: "The territorial Chapter of Rouen finally granted territorial letters to Cauchon--though only after a struggle and under compulsion." (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc)

Synonyms:

coercion, force; urge

Antonyms:

freedom, choice

Root:Latin compulsio. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: The use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them); verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way.

From the reading: "He was a doughty soldier, but when it came to the intellectuals--when it came to delicate chicane, and scheming, and trickery--he couldn't see any further through a millstone than another." (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc)

Synonyms:

hocus-pocus, slickness, jiggery-pokery

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old French trique, deceit, from trichier, to cheat + -ery, practice of: the practice of cheating.

Definition: A stopping.

From the reading: "Then Sir Daniel arrived himself, and there was a sudden cessation of the noise." (The Black Arrow)

Synonyms:

surcease

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French cessation, Latin cessatio, from cessare. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A small, showy trinket or ornament of little value.

From the reading: "A fine life thou hast of it with thy silks and thy baubles, cozening the last few shillings from the pouches of dying men." (The White Company)

Synonyms:

bangle, gaud, gewgaw

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Cf. Old French baubel a child's plaything, French babiole, Italian babbola, Late Latin baubellum gem, jewel, Latin babulus,a baburrus, foolish. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A final peremptory demand.

From the reading: "It knows that after splendid yet careful campaigns both in India and Africa he was in command against Brazil when the great Brazilian patriot Olivier issued his ultimatum." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

demand

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:NL. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake; paying tribute to another state.

From the reading: "How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow! she that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!" (Lamentations 1:1)

Synonyms:

branch, feeder stream

Antonyms:

primary, unobligated, noncausative

Root:Old English tributaire, French tributaire, Latin tributarius. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Deeply or seriously thoughtful.

From the reading: "My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned: then spake I with my tongue," (Psalm 39:3)

Synonyms:

brooding, broody, contemplative

Antonyms:

thoughtless

Root:English muse, to ponder, from Old French muser, to stare idly or reflect: deep, quiet thinking.