Grade 10 College Vocabulary, Week 12

Definition: Fair to all parties as dictated by reason and conscience.

From the reading: "Oh, Frankenstein, be not equitable to every other and trample upon me alone, to whom thy justice, and even thy clemency and affection, is most due." (Frankenstein)

Synonyms:

just, evenhanded, honest

Antonyms:

inequitable

Root:French équitable, from équité. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Potentially existing but not presently evident or realized; (pathology) not presently active.

From the reading: "I had supposed that it must be latent in the people somewhere; but, I had never seen it break out, until I saw it in the dying boy." (A Tale of Two Cities)

Synonyms:

potential, possible, inactive

Antonyms:

actual, active

Root:Latin latens, -entis, present participle of latere to lie hid or concealed; compare Greek lethargy: compare Frenchlatent. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Uncertain because of uncontrollable circumstances; possible but not certain to occur.

From the reading: "The results of confession were not contingent, they were certain; whereas betrayal was not certain." (Silas Marner)

Synonyms:

possible, conditional, uncertain

Antonyms:

impossible, unconditional, certain

Root:Latin contingens, -entis, p.pr. of contingere to touch on all sides, to happen; con- + tangere to touch: compare French contingent. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Move from one country or region to another and settle there; move periodically or seasonally.

From the reading: "I know not whether the day was fair or foul; in descending the drive, I gazed neither on sky nor earth: my heart was with my eyes; and both seemed migrated into Mr." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

transmigrate

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin migratus, past participle of migrare to migrate, transfer. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A shrill, narrow-tubed war trumpet; as an adjective, loud and clear.

From the reading: "So when the King had set his banner broad, At once from either side, with trumpet-blast, And shouts, and clarions shrilling unto blood, The long-lanced battle let their horses run." (Idylls of the King, selected)

Synonyms:

trumpet, call; ringing, clear

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old English clarioun, Old French clarion, French clairon, Late Latin clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, from Latin clarus clear. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To gradually but firmly establish an idea or attitude in a person's mind.

From the reading: "I feared early instilled prejudice: I wanted to have you safe before hazarding confidences." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

transfuse, instil, impress

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin instillare, instillatum; pref. in- in + stillare to drop, from stilla a drop: compare French instiller. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence.

From the reading: "Macey, in deep disgust at the farrier’s crass incompetence to apprehend the conditions of ghostly phenomena." (Silas Marner)

Synonyms:

coarse, unrefined, boorish

Antonyms:

refined

Root:Latin crassus thick, fat, gross, prob. orig., closely woven. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Functioning in a supporting capacity; furnishing added support.

From the reading: "Gan, ii, 2, began, often used as auxiliary verb, "did." Gate, i, 13, way; viii, 12, manner." (The Faerie Queene, Book I)

Synonyms:

subsidiary, supplemental, supplementary

Antonyms:

primary, unsupportive

Root:Latin auxiliarius, from auxilium help, aid, from augere to increase. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Intended to deceive.

From the reading: "Rochester: the letter never mentions him but to narrate the fraudulent and illegal attempt I have adverted to." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

deceitful, fallacious, dishonest

Antonyms:

honest

Root:Latin fraudulentus, from fraus, fraudis, frand: compare French fraudulent. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Living by preying on other animals; seeking to exploit others.

From the reading: "And Herbert had seen him as a predatory Tartar of comic propensities, with a face like a red brick, and an outrageous hat all over bells." (Great Expectations)

Synonyms:

rapacious, plundering, exploitative

Antonyms:

defensive, unaggressive, unacquisitive

Root:Latin praedatorius, from praedari to plunder, from praeda prey. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Sell or offer for sale from place to place.

From the reading: "She was nearing us very fast, and the beating of her peddles grew louder and louder." (Great Expectations)

Synonyms:

monger, huckster, hawk

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:From Peddler. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To destroy completely; to put an end to.

From the reading: "They know our infantine dispositions, which, however they may be afterwards modified, are never eradicated; and they can judge of our actions with more certain conclusions as to the integrity of our motives." (Frankenstein)

Synonyms:

eliminate, wipe out, root out

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin eradicatus, past participle of eradicare to eradicate; e out + radix, radicis, root. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Pleasant because of a personality or interests similar to one's own; agreeable.

From the reading: "He hastened upstairs, and a few minutes later I heard the slam of the hall door, which told me that he was off once more upon his congenial hunt." (The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, selected)

Synonyms:

sociable, compatible

Antonyms:

uncongenial, incompatible

Root:Latin com-, with + genius, spirit or nature: of a kindred spirit.

Definition: Excessively fastidious and easily disgusted.

From the reading: "Such squeamish youths as cannot bear to be connected with a little absurdity are not worth a regret." (Pride and Prejudice)

Synonyms:

dainty, nice, overnice

Antonyms:

unfastidious

Root:Anglo-French escoymous, easily disgusted (origin uncertain): easily sickened or shocked.

Definition: Having a variety of colors.

From the reading: "This part of the Rhine, indeed, presents a singularly variegated landscape." (Frankenstein)

Synonyms:

varicolored, varicoloured, varied

Antonyms:

unvaried

Root:Latin variegare, to make varied, from varius, various + agere, to make: made of varied colors.

Definition: Appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use.

From the reading: "I never meant to embezzle money, and I’m not the man to do it." (Silas Marner)

Synonyms:

defalcate, peculate, misappropriate

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Norm. French embeseiller to destroy; compare Old French besillier to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. Bezzle. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Lacking vigor, energy, or effectiveness; worn out; overrefined.

From the reading: "The face in the moonlight looked singularly earnest, and recalled to Marguerite’s aching heart those happy days of courtship, before he had become the lazy nincompoop, the effete fop, whose life seemed spent in card and supper rooms." (The Scarlet Pimpernel)

Synonyms:

weak, feeble, decadent

Antonyms:

vigorous

Root:Latin effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Being present everywhere at once.

From the reading: "He permitted the omnipresent Asiatic to make his exit, and then stepped briskly into the hall." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

ubiquitous, everywhere, universal

Antonyms:

absent

Root:Omni- + present: compareFrench omniprésent. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly.

From the reading: "Then, among the advancing echoes, there was the tread of her tiny feet and the sound of her prattling words." (A Tale of Two Cities)

Synonyms:

chatter, piffle, palaver

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Freq. of prate. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Tie or link together; spin,wind, or twist together.

From the reading: "Then we beheld the woman hanging there, A running noose entwined about her neck." (Oedipus the King and Antigone)

Synonyms:

knit, intertwine, twine

Antonyms:

untwine

Root:Pref. en- + twine. Cf. Intwine. (Webster, 1913)