Grade 10 College Vocabulary, Week 23

Definition: Represent falsely; tamper, with the purpose of deception.

From the reading: "Using a quotation that is accurate word for word but misrepresents the author, as when a line a poet rejects is quoted as his view." (the lesson)

Synonyms:

distort, falsify, misstate

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:mis-, wrongly + Latin repraesentare, to show again (re-, again + praesentare, to present): to show falsely.

Definition: Dishonest or unscrupulous behavior.

From the reading: "This is a knavery of them to make me afeard." (A Midsummer Night's Dream)

Synonyms:

dishonesty, villainy, roguery

Antonyms:

honesty

Root:Old English cnafa, a boy or servant, later a rogue + -ery, conduct of: rogue's conduct.

Definition: To join or combine.

From the reading: "Now I perceive they have conjoin’d all three To fashion this false sport in spite of me." (A Midsummer Night's Dream)

Synonyms:

join, unite, combine

Antonyms:

separate

Root:French conjoindre, from Latin conjungere, -junctum; con- + jungere to join. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A person who takes responsibility for another's debt or promise; a guarantee.

From the reading: "Well, I have writ a letter to my friend, praying his good lordship, and offering large satisfaction for the past and reasonable surety for the future." (The Black Arrow)

Synonyms:

guarantor, sponsor; pledge

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old French surte, from Latin securitas.

Definition: The boundary line encompassing an area or object; the size of something as given by the distance around it.

From the reading: "He is no crescent, and his horns are invisible within the circumference." (A Midsummer Night's Dream)

Synonyms:

perimeter, circuit

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin circumferentia. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A burden of responsibility or duty.

From the reading: "Rochester, do you second my motion?” “Madam, I support you on this point, as on every other.” “Then on me be the onus of bringing it forward." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

burden, load, encumbrance

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:L. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A principle or belief held as true, especially by a church or group.

From the reading: "She instructed her daughter in the tenets of her religion and taught her to aspire to higher powers of intellect and an independence of spirit forbidden to the female followers of Muhammad." (Frankenstein)

Synonyms:

principle, doctrine, belief

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin tenet he holds, from tenere to hold. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.

From the reading: "Crackenthorp, who blinked and nodded, and seemed to intend a smile, which, by the correlation of forces, went off in small twitchings and noises." (Silas Marner)

Synonyms:

correlativity

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Late Latin correlatio; Latin cor- + relatio: compare French corrélation. Cf. Correlation. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: The holding of an office, or the time during which it is held; a guaranteed permanent position.

From the reading: "Notwithstanding my inability to settle to anything,—which I hope arose out of the restless and incomplete tenure on which I held my means,—I had a taste for reading, and read regularly so many hours a day." (Great Expectations)

Synonyms:

incumbency, term, tenancy

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French tenure, Old French teneure, from French tenir to hold. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To suffer violent involuntary movements; to throw into upheaval.

From the reading: "The knight heard in silence; but as he listened, his countenance became convulsed with rage and grief." (The Black Arrow)

Synonyms:

shake, heave, jerk

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin convulsus, p.p. of convellere to tear up, to shake; con- + vellere to pluck, pull. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Place at intervals in or among; introduce one's writing or speech with certain expressions.

From the reading: "The surface is very uneven, rising like the waves of a troubled sea, descending low, and interspersed by rifts that sink deep." (Frankenstein)

Synonyms:

interlard

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin interspersus interspersed; inter between, among + spargere to scatter. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Too great or awful to describe in words.

From the reading: "To my unutterable amazement, I now, for the first time, saw Mr." (Great Expectations)

Synonyms:

unspeakable, ineffable, indescribable

Antonyms:

profane, expressible, communicative

Root:un-, not + utter (Middle English uttren, to put out, from out) + -able: not able to be spoken.

Definition: Surpassing the ordinary or normal; existing outside of or not in accordance with nature.

From the reading: "As for discontentments, they are, in the politic body, like to humors in the natural, which are apt to gather a preternatural heat, and to inflame." (Essays)

Synonyms:

uncanny, extraordinary, nonnatural

Antonyms:

ordinary, natural

Root:Pref. preter + natural. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Declare to be.

From the reading: "Prince John began to talk to his attendants about making ready the banquet, and the necessity of adjudging the prize to Brian de Bois-Guilbert, who had, with a single spear, overthrown two knights, and foiled a third." (Ivanhoe)

Synonyms:

declare, hold

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old English ajugen, Old French ajugier, from Latin adjudicare; ad + judicare to judge. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Travel around, either by plane or ship.

From the reading: "Fritz said he anxiously desired to circumnavigate the island, in order to ascertain the size of it, and if there were similar chains of rocks on the opposite side." (The Swiss Family Robinson)

Synonyms:

sail around, encircle

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin circumnavigatus, past participle of circumnavigare to sail round; circum + navigare to navigate. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Put forward, as of an idea.

From the reading: "It were better that in causes of weight, the matter were propounded one day, and not spoken to till the next day; in nocte consilium." (Essays)

Synonyms:

propose, put forward, advance

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin proponere, to put forth, from pro-, forth + ponere, to place: to set forth for consideration.

Definition: Immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with; impossible to assail.

From the reading: "Bohun, yours is the only theory yet propounded which holds water every way and is essentially unassailable." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

impregnable, inviolable, secure

Antonyms:

vulnerable, violable, contestable

Root:un-, not + assail (Old French asalir, from Latin ad-, at + salire, to leap) + -able: not able to be leapt upon or attacked.

Definition: Watch and direct.

From the reading: "Architect,” said I; “then you must superintend the workmen." (The Swiss Family Robinson)

Synonyms:

oversee, supervise, manage

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin superintendere. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Show, express or direct through movement.

From the reading: "When he reappeared in the room, or rather in the doorway, it was in company with another waiter, with whom he whispered and gesticulated with southern fierceness." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

gesture, motion

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin gesticulari, from gesticulus, a little gesture (gestus, gesture, from gerere, to carry or act): to make gestures.

Definition: Eternal damnation; utter ruin.

From the reading: "But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition." (1 Timothy 6:9)

Synonyms:

damnation, hell, ruin

Antonyms:

salvation

Root:French, from Latin perditio, from perdere, perditum, to ruin, to lose; per (compare Skr. para away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; akin to Greek do. (Webster, 1913)