Grade 9 College Vocabulary, Week 29

Definition: Lively and cheerful activity or celebration.

From the reading: "With branches we the fanes adorn, and waste, In jollity, the day ordain’d to be the last." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

merriment, gaiety, mirth

Antonyms:

gloom

Root:From Jolly: compare Old French jolieté, joliveté. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To surprise or impress greatly.

From the reading: "As when some peasant, in a bushy brake, Has with unwary footing press’d a snake; He starts aside, astonish’d, when he spies His rising crest, blue neck, and rolling eyes; So from our arms surpris’d Androgeos flies." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

amaze, astound, stun

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old French estoner, from Latin ex-, out + tonare, to thunder: to stun as with thunder.

Definition: To prevent a plan from progressing or succeeding.

From the reading: "Nor these, nor those, shall frustrate my design." (The Aeneid)

KJV link: "And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia." (Ezra 4:5)

Synonyms:

thwart, foil, defeat

Antonyms:

further, fulfill

Root:Latin frustratus, past participle of frustrare, frustrari, to deceive, frustrate, from frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for frudtra and akin to fraus, English fraud. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To put oneself deliberately into a place or situation where one is unwelcome.

From the reading: "CYRANO (quickly, in a low voice): Go! lurk in ambush there, One at this street corner, and one at that; And if a passer-by should here intrude, Play you a tune!" (Cyrano de Bergerac)

Synonyms:

trespass, encroach, interfere

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin intrudere, intrusum; pref. in- in + trudere to thrust, akin to English threat. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Appearing neat and comprehensive only by ignoring the complexities; effortlessly achieved.

From the reading: "CHRISTIAN: Oh, to express one's thoughts with facile grace!. . ." (Cyrano de Bergerac)

Synonyms:

superficial, simplistic, glib

Antonyms:

profound, thoughtful

Root:Latin facilis, prop., capable of being done or made, hence, facile, easy, from facere to make, do: compare French facile. Srr Fact, and compare Faculty. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To follow a winding course; to wander aimlessly.

From the reading: "The beautiful stream meandered across the valley like a silver ribbon, bordered by rushes and other aquatic plants." (The Swiss Family Robinson)

Synonyms:

wind, wander, ramble

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin Maeander, orig., a river in Phrygia, proverbial for its many windings, Greek méandre. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To be the cause or basis of; to lie beneath.

From the reading: "“Oh simple, simple!” And she was off down the passage like arrow from bow, while Alleyne stood gazing after her, betwixt hope and doubt, scarce daring to put faith in the meaning which seemed to underlie her words." (The White Company)

Synonyms:

support, ground, undergird

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old English (Anglo-Saxon) underlicgan. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To make very angry.

From the reading: "It does not please their mightiness to see A point-lace collar on my steel cuirass,-- And they enrage, because a man, in sooth, May be no ragged-robin, yet a Gascon! (Silence." (Cyrano de Bergerac)

Synonyms:

anger, infuriate, incense

Antonyms:

soothe, calm

Root:French enrager to be enraged; pref. en- (Latin in) + rage rage. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise.

From the reading: "In a rush of raucous words, which he meant to be strong and suddenly found weak, he asked where was that fellow Kalon." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

harsh, strident, noisy

Antonyms:

soft, melodious

Root:Latin raucus. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To break off a meeting with the intention of resuming it later.

From the reading: "Another court would not have taken advantage of her state, seeing that her life was at stake here, but would have adjourned and spared her." (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc)

Synonyms:

suspend, recess, postpone

Antonyms:

convene

Root:Old French ajorner, to fix a day, from a-, to + jorn, day (Latin diurnus, daily): to put off to another day.

Definition: A picture or description in which features are exaggerated for comic or grotesque effect; to portray in this way.

From the reading: "He felt Paris as a whole, from the grotesques on the Gothic churches to the gross caricatures in the newspapers." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

cartoon, parody, lampoon

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Italian caricatura, from caricare to charge, overload, exaggerate. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Not properly maintained or cared for; not neatly combed.

From the reading: "Thyself art scarce so well cared for, but a pitiful old age is on thee, and withal thou art withered and unkempt, and clad unseemly." (The Odyssey)

Synonyms:

untidy, uncombed, disheveled

Antonyms:

neat, tidy

Root:Pref. un- not + kempt, past participle of kemb. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Holding or involving opinions contrary to orthodox doctrine.

From the reading: "I paid the man, and he went happy; for the standard of heretical silver is purer than that of the Catholics." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

heterodox, unorthodox, dissenting

Antonyms:

orthodox

Root:Greek hairetikos, able to choose, from hairein, to take (see heresy) + -al: holding a self-chosen opinion against doctrine.

Definition: Stout, especially in a dignified way.

From the reading: "He was a man of about fifty, tall, portly, and imposing, with a massive, strongly marked face and a commanding figure." (The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, selected)

Synonyms:

stout, corpulent, heavyset

Antonyms:

slender, thin

Root:From Port demeanor. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Showy but cheap and of poor quality; sordid.

From the reading: "It had that woebegone, forsaken, tawdry appearance, which reminds one so much of a ball-dress, the morning after." (The Scarlet Pimpernel)

Synonyms:

gaudy, cheap, flashy

Antonyms:

tasteful, refined

Root:tawdry lace, from St. Audrey's lace, cheap neckties sold at the fair of St. Etheldreda (Audrey) at Ely: cheap and showy.

Definition: Having a tendency to be easily annoyed or angered.

From the reading: "An irritable old gentleman who was taking an invalid walk quite jumped with annoyance when the song suddenly trumpeted forth." (The Lost Prince)

Synonyms:

cranky, testy, peevish

Antonyms:

good-natured, easygoing

Root:Latin irritabilis: compare French irritable. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Having a red or flushed complexion; elaborately or excessively ornate.

From the reading: "Sherlock Holmes, one day in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair." (The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, selected)

Synonyms:

ruddy, flushed; flowery, ornate

Antonyms:

pale; plain

Root:Latin floridus, from flos, floris, flower. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To break up or cause to break up and stop functioning as a group.

From the reading: "France was full of rovers--disbanded soldiers ready for anything that might turn up." (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc)

Synonyms:

dissolve, break up, disperse

Antonyms:

assemble

Root:Pref. dis- + band: compare Old French desbander, French débander, to unbind, unbend. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Existing beyond what is obvious or admitted; intentionally hidden.

From the reading: "Every one was content, waiting till our ulterior arrangements were completed." (The Swiss Family Robinson)

Synonyms:

hidden, secret, concealed

Antonyms:

open, overt

Root:Latin ulterior, farther, comparative of ulter, beyond: lying beyond what is shown.

Definition: To refuse to allow or accept as valid.

From the reading: "But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth; not any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall stand: and the LORD shall forgive her, because her father disallowed her." (Numbers 30:5)

Synonyms:

reject, forbid, overrule

Antonyms:

permit, allow

Root:Pref. dis- + allow: compare Old French desalouer, desloer, to blame, dissuade. (Webster, 1913)