Grade 10 College Vocabulary, Week 14

Definition: A part added to a book or play that continues and extends it; something that follows something else.

From the reading: "Kidnapped is a fine family read-aloud for this unit, and its sequel Catriona (also called David Balfour) continues the story." (the lesson)

Synonyms:

subsequence, continuation

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin sequela, from sequit to follow: compare French séquelle a following. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A very old or old-fashioned word or expression no longer in everyday use.

From the reading: "Avoid the stage-costume archaisms that no one really said (“Forsooth, good sir, prithee tarry”)." (the lesson)

Synonyms:

archaicism

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Greek archaïsme. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Lacking even the rudiments of courage; abjectly fearful; having deserted a cause or principle.

From the reading: "And alway Sir Kay cried: Sir knight of Cornwall, joust with me, or else yield thee to me as recreant." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

renegade, disloyal, craven

Antonyms:

loyal, brave

Root:Old French recreant, yielding, from recroire, to give up allegiance (Latin re-, back + credere, to believe): one who goes back on his word; a coward.

Definition: To say that something will happen in the future; to speak by divine inspiration.

From the reading: "How Merlin prophesied that two the best knights of the world should fight there, which were Sir Lancelot and Sir Tristram." (Le Morte d'Arthur)

Synonyms:

predict, foretell, forecast

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old French prophecier, from Greek prophetes.

Definition: Resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility.

From the reading: "Then Sir Florence and Sir Gawaine harboured surely their people, and took great plenty of bestial, of gold and silver, and great treasure and riches, and returned unto King Arthur, which lay still at the siege." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

beastly, brute, brutish

Antonyms:

humane

Root:French bestial, Latin bestialis, from bestia beast. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: An instance of misfortune.

From the reading: "And there by fortune the damosel met with Sir Tristram again, making the greatest dole that ever earthly creature made; and she yede to the lady of that castle and told her of the misadventure of Sir Tristram." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

mishap, mischance

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old English mesaventure, French mésaventure. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.

From the reading: "Also he had gotten with him fifty giants which had been engendered of fiends; and they were ordained to guard his person, and to break the front of the battle of King Arthur." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

breed, spawn, beget

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French engender, Latin ingenerare; in + generare to beget. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Being the one previously mentioned or spoken of.

From the reading: "And all the kings aforesaid in a manner laid a siege to-fore him, but King Arthur was well victualed." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

aforementioned, previously mentioned

Antonyms:

other

Root:afore, before (Old English onforan) + said: said or named before.

Definition: To distress or wrong someone; to treat unjustly.

From the reading: "So Sir Launcelot went unto Gaheris, and prayed him not to be aggrieved for to lend him his horse." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

grieve

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old French agrever, to burden, from Latin aggravare, to make heavy (ad-, to + gravis, heavy): to weigh down with wrong.

Definition: Violent pangs of suffering; severe spasm of pain.

From the reading: "And she had many grimly throes; her gentlewoman helped her all that she might, and so by miracle of Our Lady of Heaven she was delivered with great pains." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

throe

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Middle English throwe, a pang, perhaps from Old English thrawu, suffering: violent pangs.

Definition: The supposed practice of communicating with the dead in order to predict the future, which Scripture forbids; sorcery.

From the reading: "And the third sister Morgan le Fay was put to school in a nunnery, and there she learned so much that she was a great clerk of necromancy." (Le Morte d'Arthur, selected)

Synonyms:

sorcery

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Greek nekros, a dead body + manteia, divination: foretelling by calling up the dead.

Definition: To have an effect, especially a negative one; to encroach on.

From the reading: "I have only to hold the antimony in the course of that current, and particle by particle of the current impinges upon the antimony, and so we get it melted." (The Chemical History of a Candle)

Synonyms:

encroach, entrench, trench

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin impingere; pref. im- in + pangere to fix, strike; prob. akin to pacisci to agree, contract. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Bad-tempered and irritable; affected by nausea.

From the reading: "He gorged himself habitually at table, which made him bilious, and gave him a dim and bleared eye and flabby cheeks." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

irritable, peevish; queasy

Antonyms:

good-natured

Root:Latin biliosus, from bilis bile. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Excessively sweet or sentimental.

Context (original sentence): The saccharine ending of the play made the critics groan.

Synonyms:

sugary, mawkish, cloying

Antonyms:

bitter, astringent

Root:Latin saccharum, sugar.

Definition: Thin and tattered from long wear; overused and therefore stale.

From the reading: "Neither of them realized that the tall man's clothes were worn and threadbare." (The Lost Prince)

Synonyms:

banal, commonplace, hackneyed

Antonyms:

original, new

Root:thread + bare: worn so thin that the threads show.

Definition: To change or spoil the color of.

From the reading: "Groans, and convulsions, and a discolored face, and friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like, show death terrible." (Essays)

Synonyms:

stain, fade, tarnish

Antonyms:

color

Root:Old English descolouren, Old French descolorer, French décolorer, from Latin dis- + cololare, coloratum, to color, color color. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Given to begging; a beggar, or a member of a religious order that lives on alms.

From the reading: "I dared to put off the mendicant—to resume my natural manner and character." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

beggar, almsman; begging

Antonyms:

imperative

Root:Latin mendicans, -antis, present participle of mendicare to beg, from mendicus beggar, indigent. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Extend out or project in space; bulge outward.

From the reading: "His rusty black frock-coat was buttoned right up in front, with the collar turned up, and his lank wrists protruded from his sleeves without a sign of cuff or shirt." (The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, selected)

Synonyms:

jut, project, start

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to thrust. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures.

From the reading: "Paul, the butler, also had a faintly foreign air, but he was in tongue and training English, as are many of the most polished men-servants of the cosmopolitan nobility." (The Innocence of Father Brown)

Synonyms:

worldly, sophisticated, well-traveled

Antonyms:

provincial

Root:Greek kosmos, world + polites, citizen: a citizen of the world.

Definition: To intrude on a person's territory or rights; to advance gradually beyond proper limits.

From the reading: "I must show her into a room by herself, and then those who wish to consult her must go to her one by one.” “You see now, my queenly Blanche,” began Lady Ingram, “she encroaches." (Jane Eyre)

Synonyms:

infringe, impinge, entrench

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old French encrochier, to seize, from en-, in + croc, a hook: to hook in and take what is another's.