Grade 10 College Vocabulary, Week 15

Definition: Place in a grave or tomb.

From the reading: "O happy rose-bud blooming Upon thy parent tree,-- Nay, thou art too presuming; For soon the earth entombing Thy faded charms shall be, And the chill damp consuming." (In the Bleak Mid-Winter)

Synonyms:

bury, inhume, inter

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Pref. en- + tomb: compare Old French entomber. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A full supply.

From the reading: "I shout before Him in my plenitude Of light and warmth, of hope and wealth and food; Ascribing all good to the Only Good." (In the Bleak Mid-Winter)

Synonyms:

plenty, plentifulness, plenteousness

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin plenitudo, from plenus full; compare French plenitude. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Light given off without heat, as by certain sea creatures or decaying wood.

From the reading: "Then full of awe, With these same eyes I saw His head incredible retract its horn Rounding like babe's new born, While silvery phosphorescence played About his dis-horned head." (In the Bleak Mid-Winter)

Synonyms:

fluorescence

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Cf. French phosphorescence. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Having the ability to restore health, strength, or well-being.

From the reading: "A restorative process will be always going on; the spirit of law and order will raise up what has fallen down." (The Republic)

Synonyms:

healing, curative, tonic

Antonyms:

harmful

Root:Latin restaurare, to rebuild.

Definition: A feeling of intense indignation (now used only in the phrase 'in high dudgeon').

From the reading: "From bluff and gruff he waxed curmudgeon; He danced indeed, but danced in dudgeon, Capered in fury fast and faster." (In the Bleak Mid-Winter)

Synonyms:

indignation, outrage

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:W. dygen anger, grudge. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To utterly bewilder or perplex.

From the reading: "And this was just the thing he loved--to mystify honest people, and be a great deal too knowing." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

perplex, bewilder, baffle

Antonyms:

clarify

Root:French mystifier, from Greek -ficare (in comp.) to make. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Not diminished or moderated in intensity or severity; sometimes used as an intensifier.

From the reading: "It was the most complete, unmitigated, soul-fraught little piece of earnestness that ever you beheld in all your days." (The Cricket on the Hearth)

Synonyms:

undiminished, unrelieved, arrant

Antonyms:

mitigated

Root:un-, not + Latin mitigare, to soften (mitis, mild + agere, to make): not softened or lessened.

Definition: A hobby or minor occupation pursued alongside one's main work.

From the reading: "As soon as they were established in their new residence, and her father had entered on the routine of his avocations, she arranged the little household as exactly as if her husband had been there." (A Tale of Two Cities)

Synonyms:

hobby, pastime, pursuit

Antonyms:

vocation

Root:Latin avocatio. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To waste time or money on trifling matters.

From the reading: "Being accustomed to Arab ways, they could toss a grill, or fritter, or the inner meaning of an egg, into any form they pleased, comely and very good to eat; and it led me to think of Annie." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

waste, squander, dissipate

Antonyms:

save

Root:OR. fritour, friture, pancake, French friture frying, a thing fried, from frire to fry. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Boastful or conceited; lacking humility or decency.

From the reading: "It offended him both as a lawyer and as a lover of the sane and customary sides of life, to whom the fanciful was the immodest." (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)

Synonyms:

boastful, conceited; indecent

Antonyms:

modest

Root:French immodeste, Latin immodestus immoderate; pref. im- not + modestus modest. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to.

From the reading: "The Paladin had the effrontery to pretend that she had engaged herself to him several years before, and now he claimed a ratification of the engagement." (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc)

Synonyms:

presumption, presumptuousness, assumption

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French effronté, shameless, from Latin effrons, barefaced (ex-, out + frons, forehead): putting one's face forward without shame.

Definition: A spoken blessing.

From the reading: "I wouldn’t have missed Dot, doing the honours in her wedding-gown, my benison on her bright face! for any money." (The Cricket on the Hearth)

Synonyms:

benediction, blessing

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Old English beneysun, benesoun, Old French beneï, beneïson, from Latin benedictio, from benedicere to bless; bene (adv. of bonus good) + dicere to say. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Extremely bad; very deep.

Context (original sentence): The roads were in abysmal condition after the floods.

Synonyms:

dreadful, appalling; bottomless

Antonyms:

excellent

Root:Greek abyssos, bottomless.

Definition: Self-restraint; the exercise of control over one's desires.

From the reading: "How oft have I preached to you caution, if not continence?" (Ivanhoe)

Synonyms:

continency

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin continentia, from continere, to hold together (com-, together + tenere, to hold): holding oneself in check.

Definition: Aggressive greed.

From the reading: "Yet some people may be surprised that men with any love of justice, whether inborn or otherwise, could continue to abide the arrogance, and rapacity, and tyranny of the Doones." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

greed, avarice, voracity

Antonyms:

generosity

Root:Latin rapacitas: compare French rapacite. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: The tendency to be untruthful.

From the reading: "For it was not by any means hard to suppose that Sam Fry, being John's first cousin, might have inherited either from grandfather or grandmother some of those gifts which had made our John so famous for mendacity." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

untruthfulness

Antonyms:

veracity

Root:Latin mendacitas. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A grammatical mistake; a breach of good manners.

From the reading: "For it is the solecism of power, to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean." (Essays)

Synonyms:

gaffe, slip, gaucherie

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Greek soloikismos, speaking incorrectly, said to be from Soloi, a colony whose Greek was thought corrupt: an error in speech or manners.

Definition: A disposition to be friendly and approachable (easy to talk to).

From the reading: "Smiler, for instance, had been so called, not so much from a habit of smiling, as from his general geniality, white nose, and white ankle." (Lorna Doone)

Synonyms:

affability, affableness, amiability

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin genialitas. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Pretending to be another person.

From the reading: "The third and last (which is the great one) is, that almost all of them, being infinite in number, have been impostures, and by idle and crafty brains merely contrived and feigned, after the event past." (Essays)

Synonyms:

impersonation

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin impostura: compare French imposture. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Showy clothing or decoration.

From the reading: "She, too, was in rags, her attire was all of the cheapest, but decked out in gutter finery of a special stamp, unmistakably betraying its shameful purpose." (Crime and Punishment)

Synonyms:

frills, regalia, best clothes

Antonyms:

rags

Root:from fine.