Grade 9 College Vocabulary, Week 20

Definition: Inclined toward war; hostile.

From the reading: "‘War, war is threaten’d from this foreign ground,’ My father cried, ‘where warlike steeds are found." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

belligerent, martial, militant

Antonyms:

peaceful, peaceable

Root:war (Old French werre, of Germanic origin) + like: inclined to war.

Definition: To purify a liquid by heating and condensing it; to extract the essential meaning of.

From the reading: "When first her fatal image touch’d the ground, She sternly cast her glaring eyes around, That sparkled as they roll’d, and seem’d to threat: Her heav’nly limbs distill’d a briny sweat." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

purify, refine, extract

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Latin destillare, to drip down, from de-, down + stillare, to drip (stilla, a drop): to purify by drops.

Definition: To deceive or mislead.

From the reading: "Some tale, some new pretence, he daily coin’d, To soothe his sister, and delude her mind." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

deceive, mislead, fool

Antonyms:

enlighten

Root:Latin deludere, delusum; de- + ludere to play, make sport of, mock. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Characteristic of winter, especially cold or bleak; lacking warmth or friendliness.

From the reading: "He saw the Trojan fleet dispers’d, distress’d, By stormy winds and wintry heav’n oppress’d." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

cold, bleak, frosty

Antonyms:

summery, warm

Root:Old English (Anglo-Saxon) wintrig. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To separate or release from something that holds; to withdraw.

From the reading: "New clamours from th’ invested palace ring: We run to die, or disengage the king." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

release, detach, withdraw

Antonyms:

engage, attach

Root:Pref. dis- + engage: compare French désengager. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: A meeting at an agreed time and place; to meet in this way.

From the reading: "When he comes to the place appointed for the general rendezvous, he finds a great confluence of people, but misses his wife, whose ghost afterwards appears to him, and tells him the land which was designed for him." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

meeting, appointment, tryst

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:French rendez-vous, "present yourselves": a meeting place.

Definition: A disordered condition of mind or body; ill humor.

From the reading: "Fury turns My brain; and my distemper’d bosom burns." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

disorder, illness; ill humor

Antonyms:

health

Root:. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Very unpleasant, serious, or shocking.

From the reading: "He cast on us, from far, a frightful view, Whom soon for Trojans and for foes he knew; Stood still, and paus’d; then all at once began To stretch his limbs, and trembled as he ran." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

dreadful, horrible, terrible

Antonyms:

pleasant

Root:fright (Old English fyrhto, fear) + -ful: full of fright.

Definition: Being deepest within the self; situated or occurring farthest within.

From the reading: "You are his fav’rite; you alone can find The dark recesses of his inmost mind: In all his trusted secrets you have part, And know the soft approaches to his heart." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

innermost, deepest, inner

Antonyms:

outermost

Root:Old English innemest, Old English (Anglo-Saxon) innemest, a double superlative form from inne within, from in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Characterized by unsystematic partial measures taken over time; bit by bit.

From the reading: "I should have torn him piecemeal; strow’d in floods His scatter’d limbs, or left expos’d in woods; Destroy’d his friends and son; and, from the fire, Have set the reeking boy before the sire." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

gradual, bit-by-bit, step-by-step

Antonyms:

wholesale, sudden

Root:Old English pecemele; pece a piece + Old English (Anglo-Saxon) m, dat. pl. of m part. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Having a lot of space inside; roomy.

From the reading: "The port capacious, and secure from wind, Is to the foot of thund’ring Aetna join’d." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

roomy, spacious, ample

Antonyms:

cramped, small

Root:Latin capaz, -acis, from capere to take. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To become thick or solid, especially by cooling.

From the reading: "Mute and amaz’d, my hair with terror stood; Fear shrunk my sinews, and congeal’d my blood." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

thicken, solidify, set

Antonyms:

melt, liquefy

Root:Latin congelare, to freeze together, from com-, together + gelare, to freeze (gelu, frost): to thicken or set.

Definition: Extremely impressive; astonishing in size or degree.

From the reading: "Portents and prodigies their souls amaz’d; But most, when this stupendous pile was rais’d: Then flaming meteors, hung in air, were seen, And thunders rattled thro’ a sky serene." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

astounding, prodigious, colossal

Antonyms:

ordinary, small

Root:Latin stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To calm the anger or anxiety of; to soften.

From the reading: "Let gifts be to the mighty queen design’d, And mollify with pray’rs her haughty mind." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

pacify, placate, appease

Antonyms:

anger, provoke

Root:French mollifier, Latin mollificare; mollis soft + - ficare (in comp.) to make. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Based on a mistaken belief; misleading.

From the reading: "But when Ulysses, with fallacious arts, Had made impression in the people’s hearts, And forg’d a treason in my patron’s name (I speak of things too far divulg’d by fame), My kinsman fell." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

false, unsound, erroneous

Antonyms:

valid, sound

Root:Latin fallaciosus, from fallacia: compare French fallacieux. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Shining very brightly.

From the reading: "Pallas, of her snaky buckler proud, Bestrides the tow’r, refulgent thro’ the cloud: See!" (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

radiant, resplendent, effulgent

Antonyms:

dull, dim

Root:Latin refulgens, present participle of refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- + fulgere to shine. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Threatening harm; menacing.

From the reading: "Sad cypress, vervain, yew, compose the wreath, And ev’ry baleful green denoting death." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

menacing, sinister, malevolent

Antonyms:

benign, kindly

Root:Old English (Anglo-Saxon) bealoful. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: To give pleasure or satisfaction to.

From the reading: "How this may be perform’d, now take my mind: Ascanius by his father is design’d To come, with presents laden, from the port, To gratify the queen, and gain the court." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

please, satisfy, delight

Antonyms:

displease

Root:French gratifier, Latin gratificari; gratus pleasing + - ficare (in comp.) to make. (Webster, 1913)

Definition: Exceptionally pleasing to taste or smell; worthy of the gods.

From the reading: "And widely spread ambrosial scents around: In length of train descends her sweeping gown; And, by her graceful walk, the Queen of Love is known." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

delicious, fragrant, heavenly

Antonyms:

unpalatable

Root:Greek ambrosia, the food of the gods, from a-, not + brotos, mortal: fit for immortals.

Definition: The identity and origins of one's parents; descent.

From the reading: "Aeneas, setting sail from Afric, is driven by a storm on the coast of Sicily, where he is hospitably received by his friend Acestes, king of part of the island, and born of Trojan parentage." (The Aeneid)

Synonyms:

ancestry, lineage, birth

Antonyms:

(none exact)

Root:Cf. French parentage relationship. (Webster, 1913)